At present, the energy density of commercial lithium-ion batteries has reached a bottleneck. It is difficult to significantly increase the energy density of batteries while ensuring safety performance, and liquid organic electrolytes have safety hazards such as easy leakage, corrosion, and combustion.
Solid-state lithium-ion batteries use solid materials to replace the liquid components used in existing lithium-ion batteries. Compared with liquid lithium-ion batteries, they have the following obvious advantages:
1. The solid electrolyte does not burn, leak, or volatilize, which can greatly expand the safety margin of the battery. At the same time, it can avoid the problem of short battery life caused by the consumption of lithium ions by long-term cycle side reactions.
2. Excellent high temperature performance, the solid electrolyte can maintain good stability in a wide temperature range.
3. The solid electrolyte is light and thin, which can significantly increase the energy density of the battery.
However, due to the reduction and replacement of electrolyte content in solid-state batteries, the ionic conductivity of the electrolyte and the interface between the electrolyte and the material have always been a difficult problem, which is a key issue in the application of solid-state batteries.
At present, according to the classification of electrolytes, solid-state batteries can be divided into semi-solid, quasi-solid and all-solid. The liquid electrolyte content gradually decreases. All-solid-state batteries are the final form, and its commercial application will take a long time.
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